ABSTRACT
@#Nowadays, the development of the medical instrument industry makes rapid changes in clinical practice. Hybridization of latest technology is playing an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Especially, the trend of the integration of three-channel hybrid technology in diagnosis and treatment of early lung cancer has become increasingly obvious. This paper will focus on the technical advance of the three-channel multi- mirror robot and its application in the diagnosis and treatment of early lung cancer.
ABSTRACT
Lung cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality worldwide, most lung cancer patients were diagnosed at an advanced stage. Using low-dose computed tomography(CT) for lung cancer screening in high-risk patients were proved to decrease lung cancer mortality and find out more early-stage patients. However, CT is of high false-positive rate which requires long-term follow-up or invasive examination to confirm the diagnosis. Serum tumor markers have become the focus of early diagnosis of lung cancer due to their characteristics of minimally invasive and good stability. Lung cancer-related antigens can be captured by the immune system to produce autoantibodies. These autoantibodies can appear in the early stage of lung cancer development with high concentration and stably exist. Therefore, the detection of serum autoantibodies can be effective in the early screening and early diagnosis of lung cancer. Here, we provide a systematic review of the production and detection methods of tumor autoantibodies and their application in the diagnosis and screening of malignant tumors, especially lung cancer.
ABSTRACT
Purpose@#Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is one of the most common liver primary tumors but its treatments are limited. Bioinformatics showed that the expression level of long non-coding RNA cancer-associated susceptibility 15 gene (CASC15) is correlated with ICC progression, but its functional mechanism remains unclear. @*Materials and Methods@#Tissues from ICC patients, tumor and adjacent tissue, were used for detection of the expression of CASC15. Clinical data were also collected for clinicopathologic and survival analysis. Short interfering RNA and lentiviral short hairpin RNA were used to knock down CASC15 and PRDX2 expression in ICC cell lines, for the analysis of changes of cell function and xenografts. RNA-pulldown and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were used to detect RNA-binding protein, PRDX2. Male nude mice were used for ICC xenografts, and livers were collected after 4 weeks for immunohistochemistry. @*Results@#CASC15 is highly expressed in ICC tissues and is related to higher TNM stage. Knockdown of CASC15 in ICC cells reduced cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness and increased apoptosis, and G1/S block. PRDX2 bound to CASC15. Knockdown of CASC15 decreased PRDX2 expression which was rescued by the inhibition of proteasome formation. Downregulation of PRDX2 resulted in G1/S block, reduced ICC cell invasion. Downregulation of CASC15 inhibited phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/c-Myc pathway through downregulating of PRDX2 and overexpressed PRDX2 rescued the block. CASC15 knockout in ICC xenografts suppressed tumor development in vivo, decreased the expression of PRDX2 and Ki67 and inhibited PI3K/AKT pathway. @*Conclusion@#CASC15 promotes ICC possibly by targeting PRDX2 via the PI3K/AKT pathway, indicating poor prognosis and high degree of malignancy of ICC.
ABSTRACT
Lung cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in the world, among which non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 85% of the total lung cancer. With the widespread of computed tomography (CT) and other imaging screening methods, the pathological types of lung cancer have changed from central squamous cell carcinoma to the early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, which is manifested as isolated pulmonary nodules and ground glass nodules on CT. Early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer is of crucial clinical significance, and the continuous development and improvement of minimally invasive interventional techniques provide more options for lung cancer treatment, such as stereotactic radiation, percutaneous ablation, and bronchial intervention. This paper will make a review on the principle, advantages, disadvantages and prospects of minimally invasive interventional therapy commonly used in clinical practice.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the feasibility and advantages of different MRI sequences in delineating target volumes in lung cancer with obstructive pneumonia or atelectasis (OC).Methods:Fourteen patients with OC underwent CT localization and MRI scan. CT, T 1WI, fat suppression T 2WI, LAVA, LAVA+ C images were collected respectively. CT and MRI images were fused in the treatment planning system, and GTV-p was target delineated on CT and MRI respectively. Results:CT showed tumor and OC boundaries in 2 patients, fat suppression T 2WI showed tumor and OC boundaries in 10 patients, LAVA showed tumor and OC boundaries in 12 patients, and LAVA+ C showed tumor and OC boundaries in 10 patients. Fat suppression T 2WI, LAVA, and LAVA+ C sequences showed similar resolving ability ( P>0.05). The GTV of T 2WI, LAVA, and LAVA+ C sequences decreased significantly compared with ST-GTV ( P<0.05), and T 2WI_GTV and LAVA_GTV were similar ( P>0.05). The GTV value of LAVA+ C was the smallest among all sequences. Conclusions:The application of MRI fat compression T 2WI, LAVA, and LAVA+ C sequences to the radiotherapy target volume delineation in lung cancer patients with OC improved the accuracy, among which the boundary resolution of LAVA was better than that of fat compression T 2WI, and LAVA+ C showed the best effect on tiny blood vessels.